Professor Anatol Dowżenko was without doubt one of Poland’s most prominent neurologists of the 20th century. He was born in Russia, in Sergievskie Mineralnye Vody, on 2 July 1905. He was the son of a lawyer, Tymoteusz Dowżenko. After completing secondary education in Lutsk, Dowżenko enrolled at the Poznań University, initially at the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences. After a year, however, he transferred to the University’s Faculty of Medicine.